Catalyst and process of preparing the same



Patented June 20, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUGUSTUS It. CRAVER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE BARRETT COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY CATALYST AND PROCESSOF PREPARING THE SAME- No Drawing. Original application tiled. November 5, 1921, Serial No. 513,111.

Divided and this application filed February 4, 1929.' Serial No. 337,523.

This invention relates to catalysts and to methods of producing same. As is well known, a great many different metals and their oxides are employed to catalyze'various reactions, the choice of the catalyst be ing dependent more or less on the type of catalysis-and also to a less extent on the particular reaction in question.

For example, catalytic hydrogenation, including such processes as the hardening of unsaturated oils, the hydrogenation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds, and the production of alcohols from aldehydes, can be brought about by the use of nickel,

cobalt, iron and copper, catalytic oxida tion, including such processes as the pro-. duction of sulfuric acid, benzaldehyde from toluene, phthalic anhydride from naphthalene, nitric acid from ammonia, and

acetic acid from acetaldehyde, can be accomplished by employing such oxides as those of uranium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, bismuth, vanadium, cerium, nickel, etc., while for catalytic dehydration, including the production of acetone from acetic acid, ethylene from ethyl alcohol, and also the production of esters, as for example, ethyl benzoate and ethyl acetate from a mixture of an acid and an alcohol, of ethers such as ethylether from ethyl alcohol, and phenyl ether from phenol, and amines from a'mixture of an alcohol and ammonia, the most highly recommended catalysts are the oxides of thorium, aluminum, t1- tanium, tungsten, chromium, beryllium, zirconium and bismuth. This specification par-'- ticularly applies to the preparation of these various catalysts.

In the usual method of preparing catalysts, a solution "of a salt of a metal, whose oxide is to serve as the catalyst, is evaporated to dryness in the presence of a carrier or catalytic support, after which the dried coating is ignited at a suitable temperature, in the presence of a suitable gas, whereby a decomposition of the compound ensues, part volatilizing and the residue remaining beh nd 1n the form of'an oxide, or in somecases, in the form of the metal, if proper reducing gases are employed in the ignition.

For the successful preparation of a metallic oxide catalyst for example, the metallic compound to be selected should possess certain essential properties which are as follows: (1) the salt should possess considerable solubility in water, (2) the salt should possess the property of clingiiig to the surface of the carrier and also of giving an oxide on ignition which likewise holds tenaciously to the carrier, thus insuring a good uniform and continu'ouscoat ing, (8) the salt should be decomposable at a temperature below the sintering temperature of the resulting oxide, (4) the ignition .ent, uniform coating on the carrier and also of-the ignited oxideon the carrier. To obtain this condition many expedients are sometimes resorted to, such as the addition of glue, gelatin, pitch, glucose, sugar, gum arabic, and other sticky, gummy or peptonizing materials to the salt during the evaporation, Thedisadvantages of adding such extraneous materials are manifest, for they frequently introduce foreign matter in the form of ash and other impurities and on ignition form particles of carbon which are burned out only with difficulty. Frequently these extraneous materials defeat their purpose by fusing and puffing up during the ignition. Their chief disadvantage is that they are not chemically united with the metal but simply admixed with it, for which reason the desired adherence is usually only partially realized.

By my rocedure, however, Iproduee certain complex combinations of metals and organic acids, mixed or unmixed'with other materials, which complex combinations will hereinafter be designated as metallic-organo complexes. These complexes purely by their nature alone, obviate the necessity of adding extraneous materials to produce this desirable-ability to adhere or property of adboring to the catalyst support, and m addiby the evaporation of an aqueous so ution of;

ammonium metavanadate with or without a carrier possesses considerable disadvantages and entails many difiiculties, which are always more or less true of the usual methods of preparing other oxide catalysts. Among.

the ob ections to the vanadium oxide catalyst thus prepared. may be mentioned the poor adherence of the resulting vanadium oxide coatin to the carrier which limits the number '0 suitable-carriers which may be employed; ammonium metavanadate, the start;

ing material, is only slightly soluble in water, necessitating the use of excessivel volumes, the evaporation of which is timeconsuming and also. causes the salt to crystallize out on the carrier. from solution soon after the start of the eva oration and also the catalyst thus pre are requires a high reaction temperature or the catalyticprocess in order to give it the desired productivity. By my process, however, a vanadium oxide catalyst for example, as well as other catalysts, are prepared, which poses not only greater activity and a very much greater and uniform adherence of the oxide coating to the carrier, thus ermitting them to withstand much han ling with practically, no dusting,flbut in'addition the entire process of catalyst preparation is simplified, expedited, and rendered more positive.

I have discovered that when ammonium metavanadate or vanadium pentoxide or other similar vanadium compound is chemically altered by a suitable procedure or treated with proper reagents, the resulting vanadium compound is capable of uniting with various organic acidsto form soluble, sticky substances, the so-called metallicorgano complexes mentioned previously, which possess the combination of highly desirable properties requisite for the successful and convenient preparation of catalysts.

I have found that many compounds and incidentally many different procedures can be employed for efi'ecting the formation of these substancesor complexes. For example, it is I possible to use such acids as oxalic, citric,

tartaric and malic with vanadium pentoxide or ammonium metavanada'te without isolating or especially preparing a reduced vanadium oxide. Also, vanadium tetroxide may be obtained from vanadium pentoxide or ammonium metavanadate by controlled fusion with oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate or by large ignition in the presence of ammonia, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or by treatment in the wet way with sulphur ioxide, oxalic acid, glucose or alcohol, and made to react with certain acids such as formic, acetic, oxalic, maleic, malic, citric, tartaric and the like.

i The chemistry connected with the-formation of these, complexes is very obscure, but

in an attempt to throw some light on this phase of my invention I shall give the reac-' tions which seem to me to occur when ammoa 4+ 1 s r a :(NHhCaOI VO-VC'O+2BIO Thus the final product appears to be ammonium divanadyl oxalate and IS a typical metallic-organo complex and is the vanadium compound, a solution of WhlCh can be used in the preparation of an improved vanadium oxide catal st. It possesses an extremely great s'olubi ity in water, and is stable at the temperature of boilin water, but begins to decompose at slight y more elevated temperatures, which decomposition continues over a range of about 150 (3., which long range prevents the vanadium oxide from bein detached from the carrier during the ignition. On evaporation it has the peculiar property of forming an intensely sticky syrupy solution which finally dries to a glass like amorphous greenish mass. It is thissticky property which helps to make this vanadium-containing substance such a desirable material for catalyst preparation as it clings to the carrier, thus obviating the flaking and dusting off of the coating, and also gives an adherent oxide coating even after ignition. A sticky vanadium compound has thus been prepared without the ineffectual and cumbersome addition of extraneous sticky materials. This compound has also the property of developing, when heated, a large quantity of gas, approximately 60% of the compound by Weight, which forms a porous mass during the ignition, and the resultant vanadium oxide is of increased catalytic activity when compared with the catalysts prepared by evaporation of ammonium metavanadate solutions. Furthermore, a very adherent and nium metavanadate is acted upon by oxalic add, this reaction being selected because of my catalysts. In all of these examples my work indicates that there is-the formation of the desirable metallic-organo complexes, these being largely characterized by stability -at.100 0., ready decomposability by heat, large solubility and the formation on evaporation of sticky, amorphous masses. These examples also show the large range that exists in the choice of materials and procedures in effecting the formation of these complexes. It is the intention not to be limited to these particular examples.

\ The solution of these metallic-organo complexes is suitable for the coating or impregnation of granular or irregu arly shaped carriers, such as asbestos, crushed pumice, etc. Furthermore, they lend themselves very readily by varying the consistency of the solution tosuit the requirements by changing the amount of solvent used, such for example as water, to the coating of all kinds of continuous and discontinuous surfaces and forms, such as tubes, rods, plates, gauzes and balls of various materials and the like, which coatings, on ignition, leave a very adherent and uniform coating of the catalytic material. Molded catalytic forms can also be made by making a paste, mixed or unmixed with various inert materials, from a syrupy solution of these metallic-organo complexes followed by a subsequent baking and ignition; By igniting a mass of the metallic-organo complexes a very fine cat alyst may be obtained. By the proper selection of the gas or gas mixture during the ignition, various oxides representing varying degrees of oxidation can be formed with I some of the metals, such as vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, etc., or in the case of other vmetals, more particularly nickel, iron, cobalt, silver and copper, the metal itself may be produced.

In all of these applications of the metallic-organo complexes for the production of catalyst or catalyst coatings, the ignition is intended not to mean a sintering or fusion of the catalytic material, as the temperature of the ignition is purposely kept as low as possible. Of course, if desired,. a sintered or fused catalyst can be prepared from these metallic-organo complexes.

The relative ease with which these metallic-organo complexes decompose on ignition, and yet at the same t me are able to give an adherent and uniform coating of the 7 catalyst material on the catalytic support if such be used, constitutes a decided advantage over the usual compounds employed in the customary methods of catalyst preparation, as it is a well known fact to those skilled in the art of catalysis that a catalyst ignited at a low temperature is usually'more active than one ignited at a higher temperature.

' Example 1.- -Vamdz'um oxide catalyst- Make a paste of 21 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 15 parts of water and heat on a steam bath. 34 parts of oxalicacid are then gradually added to the paste and the heatingcontinued until the evolution of carbon dioxide has subsided, after which 8.5 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are added. The resulting solution is then ready to be used in the catalyst preparation and the desired carrier added, after which the whole is evaporated to dryness while stirred. The coated catalyst is then ignited in the presence of air or air containing gas, inert or reducing gases, the choice of which depends on the particular oxide desired.

Example 2.Vanadz'mn oxide catalyst. Dissolve 41 parts of malic acid-.in 160 parts of water and heat almost. to'boiling, after which 50 parts of ammonium metavanadate are added gradually while stirring. After heating for a short time, 20 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are added and the heating continued for a few minutes longer. A clear deep blue solution is thus ob- 'tained to which the carrier is added and the remainder of the catalyst preparation completed as described above.

Ewam'ple 3.Vanaclium oxide catalyst.- Dissolve 25' parts of citric acid in parts of water and heat to boiling, afterwhich 20 parts of vanadium tetroxide are added very gradually. Heating is continued until the solution of the oxide has been completed,

'after'which 20 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are added. The solution now contains the Vanadium metallic-organo complex in a form very suitable for the preparation of catalyst. On evaporation. a very dark blue, sticky, amorphous mass is obtained.

Example 4.-Uram'um oxide catalysts. Add 10 parts of uranium oxide to a solution of 5 parts of malic acid in 70 parts of water and heat on asteam bath until complete solution is effected, after which 1.5 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are to be added. Thesolution contains the metallic-organo complex of uranium which is Very soluble, sticky and of greenish yellow color. A solution of this compound in the desired concentration per unit weight of carrier is ready for the addition of the car- 9 rier and subsequent evaporation and ignition.

Example 5.-Ferm'c amide eataZg st.-Pre pare a paste of pure ferrous carbonate with water, warm, and add ammonium acid mal ate in small quantities at a time and in sufficient quantity to just dissove the ferrous salt, while heated on a steam bath. ,The resulting solution is then ready to be used as the coating or impregnating material, which on evaporation leaves a reddish brown sticky mass.

Example 6. -Nz'ckel amide catalyst.-

11.5 parts of crystallized nickel nitrate are made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and the filtered and washed nickel hydroxide is dissolved in 8 parts of malic acid contained in 125 parts of water. The carrier can now be added to this solution and evaporated to dryness. The complex nickel compound in this case consists of a very soluble green, amorphous, sticky mass.

Example 7.MOZybdenum oxide catalyst.-Fuse 7 parts of ammonium molybdate with a mixture of 4 parts of malic acid and 3 parts of water at 135145 C. for about 30 minutes, after which the melt is allowed to cool and added finally to c. c. of water, the latter being heated almost to boiling. After complete solution the carrier can be added and the whole evaporated to dryness'and ignited. A greenish colored very sticky mass is obtained which serves very well in the catalyst preparation. p

Example 8.Tzmgsten oxide catalyst:- Dissolve 20 parts of ammonium tungstate in 7 parts of sodium hydroxide contained in 20 parts of water. A slight excess of hot concentrated nitric acid is then added and the precipitated tungstic acid, after rapid filtration and washing, is dissolved in a hot solution of 16 parts di-ammonium malate contained in 135 parts of water. The carrier is then added followed by evaporation and ignition.

Example 9.O'hr0mium oxide catalyst.- A chromic oxide catalyst may be prepared by slowly adding chromium hydroxide freshly prepared from 19 parts of crystallized chrom alum to 5.4 parts of malic acid contained in 50 parts of water. Most of the hydroxide is thereby dissolved and the remainder goes into solution when a slight excess-of concentrated ammonium hydroxide is added. A carrier can. now be added and the "whole evaporated and finally ignited. The chromium metallic-organo complex is green in color and is very soluble and sticky. Example 10.Manganese oxide eatalyst.

' A manganese oxide catalyst can be prepared by reducing 3.5 parts of manganese dioxide to the manganous condition and precipitating the hydroxide. Dissolve the fil-Y tered and washed hydroxide in a hot solution of 5.4 parts of malic acid in 50 parts of water to which concentrated ammonium hydroxide has been added almost to the neutralization point. The carrier is then added and the evaporation and ignition completed. The manganese complex is amber colored and on evaporation forms a soluble, very sticky mass. V

Example 11.-T'in oxide eatalyst.Dis-

solve 9 parts of stannous chloride in water and add ammonium hydroxide until the recipitation of stannous hydroxide is comp etc. The filtered and washed stannous hydroxide is then added to a hot solution of 12 parts of I citric acid contained inlOO parts of water to which concentrated ammonium hydroxide has been added to almost the neutralization point. The carrier'is then added and the whole evaporated to dryness while stirred, after which it is ignited.

Example 12.-Alumz'num oxide eatalyst=- Precipitate aluminum hydroxide from 4 parts of crystallized aluminum acetate by ammonium hydroxide in the hot, and after filtration and washing dissolve it in 3.5 of tartaric acid contained in 60 parts of water, after which concentrated ammonium hydroxide is added almost to the neutralization point. The aluminum complex on evaporation forms a very soluble, sticky mass and is well suited for the preparation of catalyst, which is accomplished by adding the carrier to a solution of this compound followed by evaporation and ignition. Investigation of the structure of this complex indicates that it has either of the following two configurations.

diion cooNrn HO (EOONH which form seems to be typical of the metallic-organo complexes arising from the oxycarboxylic acids.

Example 13.-00balt oxidecatalyst.Dissolve 11.5 parts of crystallized cobalt nitrate in water and add a slight excess of sodium hydroxide, following by gentle heatin The precipitated hydroxide, after filtration and washing, is then dissolved in 5.5 parts of malic acid contained in 7 5 parts of water, the solution being facilitated by heating. The carrier is then added and the catalyst preparation completed as usual. The cobalt complex has a pink color, is very soluble in water and sticky. I

Example 14.-.0opper oxide catalyst.-Dissolve 1 part of freshly prepared cupric hydroxide in 2.1 parts of citric acid, contained in 4 parts of water, by warming the mixture. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide is then added to this mixture in an amount just in- -monium hydroxide is then added to the clear solution until the neutralization point is almost reached. The lead complex forms a very soluble, sticky, glossy,transparent mass.

The carrier is added, followed'by evaporation and ignition. A very desirable lead complex can also be formed by adding 4.8 parts of crystallized lead acetate to 2.2 parts of butyric acid and using this resulting mixture in the preparation of the lead oxide cats:- lyst. This solution on evaporation leaves an intensely gummy soluble transparent m ss.

Example 16.-T'it0/nz'wn amid catalyst.-

Dissolve parts of crvstallized titanium oxalate in water and precipitate the hydroxide. After filtration and washing" of the latter it is added to 6.2 parts of tartaric acid contained in 7 0 parts of water containing a very slight excess of ammonia, and heated at near the boiling point for a long time. A slightly turbid solution is thus obtained, but on evaporation it yields a verysoluble, water-white sticky, varnish-like mass. The carrier is added to the solution of this salt and the evaporation and ignition completed.

Example 17.-Th0m'am oan'de catalyst- Dissolve 7 parts of thorium nitrate in a small quantity of water'and precipitate the hythe preparation of thorium oxide catalysts. Example 18.Zine om'de catalyst-4- parts of crystalline zinc acetate is dissolvedin water, the carbonate is precipitated and the precipitate is added to 2.6 parts of succinic acid contained in parts of hot water. Most of the hydroxide is dissolved and the solution is completed by the careful addition of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. On evaporation this solution forms a gummy, transparent mass. 'Tartaric acid can also be employed in lieu of succinlc, in which case zinc tartrate is precipitated and dlssolved in a slight excess of ammonium hydroxide. This solution can also be used for preparing zinc oxide catalysts. The carrier is then added and the preparation completed Example 19.0'admz'wm amide catalyst.- Dissolve 4 parts of crystalline cadmium 'chloride in a small quantity of water and precipitate the hydroxide, which is then dissolved in 3 parts of malic acid contained in parts of hot water, to which concentrated ammonium hydroxide is then added to the neutralization point. The cadmium complex on evaporation forms, a soluble amorphous glass-like mass. The carrienisadded to a solution of this material and the preparation of the catalyst completed as usual. Example 20.Zireom'um om'de catalyst.- Prepare zirconium tartrate by adding a dilute solution of tartaric acid to a strong zirconium chloride solutiori. The precipitated zirconium tartrate is boiled up with a small quantity of water, to which a slight excess of concentrated ammonium hydroxide is added, whereby complete solution is effected. The carrier is added to this solution and the preparation of the catalyst continued as usual. 1

E a-ample 21.0em'mn'omide eataZyst.-Dissolve 4 parts of crystallized cerium nitrate in a small quantity of Water and'precipitate cerium hydroxide. After filtering and washing the latter, it is dissolved by heating it with 4 parts of malic acid in 50 parts of water and adding ammonia after 20 minutes boiling to almost the neutralization point. The resulting compound is very soluble in water and gives a sticky, transparent mass on evaporation. The carrier is added to a solution of this material and the catalyst preparation continued as usual.

Example 22.Tantalum oxide catalyst- Dissolve 2 parts of tantalum potassium fluoride in Water and gradually add NI-LOH until the precipitation of tantalic acid is completed, which, after filtration and washing, is. added to 6 parts of citric acid contained 1n 50 parts of water. The solution is boiled for 30 minutes, after which it is ready for the addition of the carrier.

Ewample 23.'Silver amide catalyst-Dissolve 20 parts of silver nitrate in water and warm to about 60 C. A dilute sodium hydroxide solution is then added filtrationand washing, the silver oxide is added to a hot solution of 16 parts of malic acid in parts of water. 20 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are then finally addedand the mass heated for about 10 minutes. The carrier is added to this solution and the catalyst preparation completed. By controlling the temperature of the ignition, and withthe employment of a. suitable gas, either metallic silver or silver oxide can be obtained.-

Example 24.Antz'mony amide eatalyst.

. Gradually add 10 parts of freshly prepared antimony trioxide to 10 parts of ammonium acid malate contained in 60 parts of hot water. The mass is then boiled until all of the oxide has disappeared. An antimony complex is hereby formed which on evaporation gives a transparent, sticky mass and acts very well in the preparation of antimony oxide catalysts.

These above metallic-organo complexes are seen to possess properties which make their use as the starting materials for the preparation of catalysts of considerable advantage over the inorganic metallic salts ordinarily employed in catalyst preparation; they. are all verysoluble, stable at temperatures of 100? C. but readily decomposable at slightly more elevated temperatures giv-' ing rise to uncommonly large gas evolutions:

adually until all the silver has been precipitated. After per unit Weight, thereby forming porous catalytic materials, and they are of such a nature that the catalytic coating will cling tenaciousl to the carrier. v

A num er of specific examples for the preparation of superior catalysts have thus been given, but I lntend not to limit myself to the materials or their quantities and the procedures given above, as these are merely representative of the methods I employ 1n forming these desirable catalyst compounds. It is also evident that the ignition of these metallic-organo complexes may be varied so as to obtaindilferent oxides or the metals themselves; that is, they may be igmted 1n the presence of an oxygen, hydrogen, n1trogen, CO or other suitable gas, or in the resence of the materials that are to be subected to catalysis.

I have also found that binary and ternary .mixtures of oxides can be prepared very conveniently and efliciently by employing mixtures of different metallic-organo com-' plexes. This procedure has important advantages over the usual methods of forming mixtures, in which mixtures of metallic inorganic salts or the oxides themselves in a suspended condition are employed, in that there is no fractional crystallization during the evaporation, no incompatible mixtures of the salts to form precipitates, and furthermore the component metallic oxides or met-' als of the mixtures prepared by the method vanadate.

are very intimately mixed, probably of molecular intimacy, due to the chemical nature of the metallic-organo complexes, as it is believed that the metals of the mixture are united together in the same molecule. The following examples will serve to illustrate the preparation of mixed catalysts, but it is the intention not to be limited to these specific preparations or to the choice of ma terials contained therein.

Ewample 25.Vanadium and tin oxide mixed cataZyst.-Dissolve 36 parts of malic acid in 100 parts of water, to which solution are added 44 parts of ammonium meta- The mixture should then be heated for a short time, after which 18 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide are added. A clear deep blue solution is thus ohtained. Ammonium hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of 3 parts of stannous chlorlde. After filteringand washing, the stannous hydroxide thus precipitated is then added to the solution of the vanadium metallic-organo complex, just described, and heated. A complete solution is soon obtained, to which is added the carrier, and the whole mass is evaporated on a steam bath while being stirred. The remainder of the preparation of the mixed catalyst is completed as described in the revious examples.

Example 26.Uramum copper molybdenum oxide mixed catalyst. Dissolve 175 expelled.

parts of uranyl nitrate in water and precipitate ammonium uranate therefrom by the addition of ammonium hydroxide. After filtration and washing with water, the ammonium uranate is added to 200 parts of water containing 47. parts of malic acid and heated for a short time, after which ammonium hydroxide is added in excess. The mixture is boiled until most of the ammonia has been 10 parts of ammonium molybdate are added to 100 parts of water containing 6 parts of malic acid and 5 parts of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and the mixture is heated until complete solution is obtained. Cupric hydroxide obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to a warm aqueous solution of 18 parts'of copper sulfate is then gradually added to the solution of'molybdenum metallic-organo complex just described and the mixture is heated until a complete solution is obtained, after which it is added to the solution of the uranium metallic-organo complex. The solution thus obtained is now ready to be employed in-the catalyst preparation. On evaporation, it forms "a bright green, sticky mass. I

This application is a divisiori of my copending application, Serial No.'513,111, filed November 5, 1921 and the subject matter herein described and claimed is related to that set forth in my co-pending application, Serial No. 337,522 filed of even date herewith.

I claim:

1. Inthe process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise 'reacting a. chemical compound containing the metal, a hydroxycarboxylic acid and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

2. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a. metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a hydroxycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product. l

3. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a hydroxypolycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia, and igniting the .3

- metal, malic acid and igniting the resulting product.

7.v In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing a metal included in the fifth and sixth groups of the periodic system, a chemical compound containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia and igniting the resulting product. i

8. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing a metal included in the fifth and sixth groups amorphous of the periodicsystem, a chemical compound containing a hydroxydicarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

9. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal; the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing Vanadium, a chemical compound containing a hydroxydicarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

10. In the. process ofproducing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing Vanadium, a chemical compound containing malic acid and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

11. A process for the production ofa catalyst containing a metal which comprises forming a soluble, metallic organo complex by reacting a. compound containing a metal, a hydroxy carboxylic acid and ammonia, evaporating the mixture until a sticky, amorphous product is obtained, and subsequently drying and igniting the resulting product.

12. A process fgr the production of a catalyst containing a metal which comprises forming a soluble, metallic organo complex by reacting a compound containing a metal with a hydroxy carboxylic acid, adding ammonia, evaporating the mixture until a sticky,

roduct is obtained, and subsequently drying and igniting the resulting product.

13. A alyst containing a metal which comprises forming a soluble, metallic organo complex by reacting a compound containing a metal with a hydroxy dicarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series, adding ammonia, evaporating the mixture until a sticky, amorphous product is obtained, and subsequently drying and igniting the resulting product.

14. A process for the production of a catalyst containing ametal which comprises reacting ammonium vanadate with a hydroxy carboxylic acid, adding ammonia, evaporating the mixture until-a sticky, amorphous product is obtained, and subsequently dryingand igniting the resulting product.

15. A product useful in the preparation of process for the production of a cat-.

of a cata yzer and comprising a catalyst carrier associated with a metallic organo compound containing ammonia, a metal included in the fifth and sixth groups of the periodic system, and an acid radical of a hydroxy carboxylic acid in chemical combination which, when heated, is decomposed into a porous catalyst.

17. A catalyzer comprising an adherent catalytic material formed by the production of a metallic organo complex by reacting a compound containing. a metallic element, a hydroxy carboxylic acid and ammonia, and subsequent thermal decomposition of the complex.

7 18. A catalyzer comprising an adherent catalytic material formed by the production of a metallic organo complex by reacting a compound containing a metallic element, a hydroxy dicarboxylic acid and ammonia, and subsequent thermal decomposition of the complex. I

19. A catalyzer comprising an adherent catalytic material formed by the production of a metallic organo complex by reacting a compound containing vanadium with malic acid, and subsequent thermal decomposition of the complex upon the surface of a catalystcarrier. 20. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metallic element, the step which comprises subjecting a soluble, sticky, amorphous, metallic organo complex obtained by reacting a compound containing the metallic element with a hydroxy carboxylic acid and containing ammonia in its composition, to thermal decomposition in contact with a catalyst carrier.

21. In the preparation of a. catalyst containing a metal, the process which comprises forming a soluble metallic-organo complex by-reacting a chemical compound of a metal,

22. In the preparation of a catalyst con- 1 taining ametal, the process which comprises forming a soluble metallic-organo complex by reacting a chemical compound of a metal with a chemical compound containing the acid radical of an aliphaticpolyhydroxydicarboxylic acid in the presence of water, adding ammonia, and evaporating the mixture until a sticky, amorphous mass is obtained.

23. In the preparation of a catalyst containing a metal, the process which comprises forming" a soluble metallic-organo complex by reacting a'chemical compound of a metal,

a chemical compound containing the acid radical'ot' tartaric acid and ammonia in the presence of water, and evaporating the mi-xpound selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic dihydroxydicarboxylic acid and an acid salt of an aliphatic dihydroxydicarboxylic acid, adding ammonia, and evaporating the mixture until a sticky, amorphous mass is obtained. a

25. In the process of making a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise treating a chemical compound containing a metal and a chemical compound containing a different metal .with a chemical compound containing an acid radical of a polyh'ydroxypolycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series in the presence of water and ammonia, and evaporating the mixture until a soluble,

sticky, amorphous metallic-organo complex is obtained.

26. In the preparation of acatalyst containing a metal, the process which comprises reacting a. compound of vanadium and a compound of molybdenum with a compound containing an aliphatic dihydroxydicarboxylic'acid radical in the presence of water and of ammonia to form a soluble metallicorgano complex containing ammonia, vanadium and molybdenum in its composition, evaporating the mixture to dryness, and igniting the resulting product.

27. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal,the stepswhich comprise.

reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acid and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

28. In the process of preparing a catalyst containing a metal, the step which comprises igniting a metallic-organo complex containing vanadium in combination with tartaric acid and ammonia to form a porous, amorphous, catalytic body.

29. A soluble, sticky, amorphous metallicorgano complex derived, by treating a compound containing a metal in combination with an acid radical of a polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acid with aqueous ammonia and evaporatingthe resulting solution.

30. A soluble, sticky, amorphous metallicorgano complex derived by treating a compound containing a metal in combination with an acid radical of tartaric acid with aqueous ammonia and evaporating the resulting solution. 45

31. A soluble, sticky, amorphous metallicorg'ano complex derived by treating a compound containing a metal in combination with an acid radical of citric acid withaqueous ammonia and evaporating the resulting solution.

32. Catalytic material comprising a carrier, said carrier bearing an adherent catalyst containing a metallic element and obtained by igniting a metallic-organo complex of said metal, ammonia and a polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acid.

33. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a chemical compound containing an acid radical of an aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

34. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a chemical compound containing an acid radical of citric acid and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

35. In the process of producing a cataly t containing a metal, the step which comprises reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, a hydroxycarboxylic acid and am- .monia.

36. In the process of producing a catalyst.

metal, a hydroxypolycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia.

37. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the'step which comprises reacting a chemical compound containing a metal included in the fifth and sixth groups of the periodic system. a chemical compound containing a hydroxydicarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia.

38. In the process of producing a catalyst containing a metal, the steps which comprise reacting a chemical compound containing the metal, malic acid, and ammonia, and igniting the resulting product.

39. In the process of producing a catalyst containing ametal, the steps which comprise evaporating a mixture of water and a metallic-organo complex containing the metal, the acid radical of analiphatic hy-" carrier and a metallic-organo complex containing the metal in combination with a hydroxypolycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic series and ammonia, and igniting the resultin product.

n witness whereof I have hereunto set my AUGUSTUS E. CRAVER.

I hand.

'' CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 1,914,558.

AUGUSTUS EI CRAVER.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 76, before June 20; 1933.

"of" insert the word "parts"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed andsealed this 22nd day of Au ust, 1). 1933.

v M. J. Moore.-

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

